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Influencing factors and control measures of excavation on adjacent bridge foundation based on analytic

Shuangxi FENG, Huayang LEI, Yongfeng WAN, Haiyan JIN, Jun HAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 461-477 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0705-0

摘要： Many uncertain factors in the excavation process may lead to excessive lateral displacement or over-limited internal force of the piles, as well as inordinate settlement of soil surrounding the existing bridge foundation. Safety control is pivotal to ensuring the safety of adjacent structures. In this paper, an innovative method is proposed that combines an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with a finite element method (FEM) to reveal the potential impact risk of uncertain factors on the surrounding environment. The AHP was adopted to determine key influencing factors based on the weight of each influencing factor. The FEM was used to quantify the impact of the key influencing factors on the surrounding environment. In terms of the AHP, the index system of uncertain factors was established based on an engineering investigation. A matrix comparing the lower index layer to the upper index layer, and the weight of each influencing factor, were calculated. It was found that the excavation depth and the distance between the foundation pit and the bridge foundation were fundamental factors. For the FEM, the FE baseline model was calibrated based on the case of no bridge surrounding the foundation pit. The consistency between the monitoring data and the numerical simulation data for a ground settlement was analyzed. FE simulations were then conducted to quantitatively analyze the degree of influence of the key influencing factors on the bridge foundation. Furthermore, the lateral displacement of the bridge pile foundation, the internal force of the piles, and the settlement of the soil surrounding the pile foundation were emphatically analyzed. The most hazardous construction condition was also determined. Finally, two safety control measures for increasing the numbers of support levels and the rooted depths of the enclosure structure were suggested. A novel method for combining AHP with FEM can be used to determine the key influencing aspects among many uncertain factors during a construction, which can provide some beneficial references for engineering design and construction.

关键词： deep foundation pit excavation adjacent bridge foundation influencing factors analytic hierarchy process finite element

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Numerical modeling of current-induced scour around multi-wall foundation using large-eddy simulation

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 546-565 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0943-4

摘要： Scouring is one of the primary triggers of failure for bridges across rivers or seas. However, research concerning the scour mechanism of multi-wall foundations (MWFs) remains scarce, hindering the further application of MWFs. In this study, for the first time, the scouring effect caused by unidirectional flow around MWFs was examined numerically using FLOW-3D involving a large-eddy simulation. Initially, the applicability of the scouring model and input parameters was validated using a case study based on published measured data. Subsequently, the scouring effects of four MWFs with different wall arrangements and inflow angles, including the flow field analysis and scour pit and depth, were investigated thoroughly. It was found that the maximum scour depth of MWFs with an inflow angle of 0° was smaller than that of those with an inflow angle of 45°, regardless of the wall arrangement. Meanwhile, changing the inflow angle significantly affects the scour characteristics of MWFs arranged in parallel. In practical engineering, MWFs arranged in parallel are preferred considering the need for scouring resistance. However, a comparative analysis should be performed to consider comprehensively whether to adopt the form of a round wall arrangement when the inflow angle is not 0° or the inflow direction is changeable.

关键词： multi-wall foundation current-induced scour bridge foundation large-eddy simulation numerical analysis

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泰州大桥中塔沉井基础承载力模型试验研究

阮静,胡丰

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第5期页码 57-61

摘要：

泰州大桥中塔位于江中心，基础覆盖层高达200 m。通过多方面比选，基础采用58 m×44 m四角倒圆的矩形沉井，高76 m。为确保泰州大桥中塔沉井基础的安全和稳定，开展了1∶100的模型试验，获取了泰州大桥沉井极限承载力以及沉井埋深、土体含水量、侧壁摩阻力对极限承载力的影响。

关键词：沉井承载力泰州大桥物理模型试验

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基础模拟方式对泰州大桥地震响应的影响

韩磊,彭天波,赵艺

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第5期页码 51-56

摘要：

建立了3种基础-土相互作用模拟方式，分别为考虑一定桩身柔性的固结独塔模型，基于“m”法的线性独塔模型，以及采用“p-y”曲线法的非线性独塔模型。采用El-Centro和Kobe两种地震波分别对3个模型进行计算分析，结果发现，基于“m”法的线性独塔沉井模型与“p-y”曲线法的非线性独塔沉井模型相比响应偏大，而基于“m”法的线性独塔群桩基础模型则与“p-y”曲线法的非线性独塔群桩基础模型有较好的吻合。

关键词：泰州大桥基础模拟方式地震动输入结构响应

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Model test of the group piles foundation of a high-speed railway bridge in mined-out area

Xin LIANG,Qian-gong CHENG,Jiu-jiang WU,Jian-ming CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 488-498 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0338-x

摘要： The research on the mechanism of pile-soil-cap-goaf interaction and settlement of high-speed railway bridge located in mined-out area is still relatively rare. By taking the pile group of Guanshandi bridge foundation in Hefei-Fuzhou high-speed railway as the prototype, a model test is carried out. According to the similarity theory, the similar constant is derived and the similar model material is determined. Meanwhile, three types of data including the bearing behavior of piles, and the settlement law, and soil among piles are investigated. It can be found that: the influence of goaf on the bearing capacity of pile is inversely to the loading degree, the larger of loading degree, the smaller impact of goaf on the bearing capacity. There is no negative side friction can been found in pile body and the degree of downward tendency for the barycenter of side friction layout is obvious for piles in goaf. Although the bearing ratio of soil resistance under cap is relatively large, the cap effect is suggested be ignored considering the characteristic of goaf. There is a maximum critical value for the uneven settlement of pile group in goaf, and when the value is reached, the uneven settlement stop growing anymore. In addition, the formula for calculating bearing capacity and settlement of pile group in goaf based on test results, theory analysis and related standard is established.

关键词： high-speed railway mined-out areas goaf group piles foundation physical model test bearing capacity settlement

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润扬大桥悬索桥北锚碇基础接触应力仿真分析

邵国建,苏静波,胡强

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第6期页码 28-34

摘要：

针对润扬大桥悬索桥北锚碇基础的浇筑施工、运行过程，基于大型有限元分析软件Marc进行二次开发，建立了锚碇基础和土体共同作用的三维有限元仿真计算模型。考虑锚碇基础浇筑过程中地下水位改变引起基底水压力的变化对锚碇基础接触应力分布的影响，对锚碇体浇筑到运行的全过程进行了仿真数值计算，揭示了岩层地基上悬索桥重力式嵌岩锚碇基础接触应力在施工到运行过程中的变化规律。工程实例数值计算结果表明，在不同施工浇筑阶段，尽管锚碇基础不同部位的接触应力呈现出不同的变化特征，北锚碇基础在施工到运行全过程中基础接触应力总体满足设计要求。

关键词：悬索桥锚碇基础接触应力仿真分析

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The behavior of a rectangular closed diaphragm wall when used as a bridge foundation

Qiangong CHENG, Jiujiang WU, Zhang SONG, Hua WEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 398-420 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0175-5

摘要： The rectangular closed diaphragm (RCD) wall is a new type of bridge foundation. Compared to barrette foundation, measuring the performance of RCD walls is relatively complicated because of their incorporation of a soil core. Using the FLAC3D software, this paper investigates the deformation properties, soil resistance and skin friction of a laterally loaded RCD wall as well as the settlement, axial force and load-sharing ratio of a vertically loaded RCD wall. Special attention is given to the analysis of factors that influence the performance of the soil core. It was found that under lateral loading, the RCD wall behaves as an end-bearing friction wall during the entire loading process. The relative displacement between the wall body and the soil core primarily occurs below the rotation point, and the horizontal displacement of the soil core is greater than that of the wall body. Under vertical loading, the degree of inner skin friction around the bottom of the soil core and the proportion of the loading supported by the soil core increase with increased cross-section size. The wall depth is directly proportional to the loading supported by the outer skin friction and the tip resistance of the wall body and is inversely proportional to the loading borne by the soil core.

关键词： diaphragm wall soil core bridge foundation FLAC3D bearing behavior

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Diaphragm wall-soil-cap interaction in rectangular-closed- diaphragm-wall bridge foundations

Hua WEN, Qiangong CHENG, Fanchao MENG, Xiaodong CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 93-100 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0015-4

摘要： Rectangular-closed-diaphragm-wall foundation is a new type of bridge foundation. Diaphragm wall-soil-cap interaction was studied using a model test. It was observed that the distribution of soil resistance under the cap is not homogeneous. The soil resistance in the corner under the cap is larger than that in the border; and that in the center is the smallest. The distribution of soil resistance under the cap will be more uniform, if the sectional area of soil core is enlarged within a certain range. Due to the existence of cap, there is a “weakening effect” in inner shaft resistance of the upper wall segments, and there is “enhancement effect” in the lower wall segments and in toe resistance. The load shearing percentage of soil resistance under the cap is 10%-20%. It is unreasonable to ignore the effects of the cap and the soil resistance under the cap in bearing capacity calculations.

关键词： diaphragm wall bridge foundation low cap interaction

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Construction technology on pile foundation of No. 6 main pier in Dashengguan Yangtze Bridge

Hongbin YU , Zeping LIAN ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 339-343 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0047-9

摘要： Based on pile foundation construction of No. 6 main pier, deep mudstone geological foundation and deep-water construction in Nanjing-Dashengguan Yangtze Bridge, the method of super-large-diameter bored pile in deep water is studied. The spread drill, application of PHP mud, and choice of machine are solved by adopting two machines of KTY4000 and KPG300A. Besides, the airlift reversing circulation is selected in slag discharge. The results show that this method can ensure successfully the construction of pier foundation to satisfy the demands of codes.

关键词： PHP slurry KTY4000 drilling machine KPG3000A drilling machine spread drill

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大型深水沉井基础设计

陆勤丰,赵都桓,杨进

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 9-13

摘要：

泰州大桥采用主跨为1 080 m三塔两跨悬索桥，中塔位于主江中心。通过对沉井基础和高桩承台钻孔桩基础等多项基础方案的比选，考虑到沉井结构受力明确、刚度大、工序简单，经济性高等优点，中塔基础最终选用沉井基础。根据塔柱底的构造要求，受力要求，沉井采用58 m×44 m四角倒圆的矩形沉井，沉井总高76 m。为了能在深水中顺利施工，沉井下部为钢壳混凝土结构，上部为钢筋混凝土结构。文中介绍了泰州大桥水中沉井的结构构造、施工方法、方案比较以及沉井的设计特点，可为今后类似工程起到很好的借鉴作用。

关键词：泰州大桥大型深水沉井基础设计

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泰州大桥南锚碇沉井基础深度效应研究

潘辉,邵国建,胡丰

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第5期页码 62-65

摘要：

重力式锚碇基础在计算中通常简化为浅基础，并不考虑深度效应的影响，较为不经济。泰州大桥南锚碇沉井埋置深度达42 m，为将深度效应考虑到锚碇稳定性计算中，故采用有限元法对泰州大桥南锚碇沉井基础的深度效应进行研究。通过计算对比不同埋置深度条件下锚碇基础在施工期及运营期内位移和转角的变化，可知深度效应对锚碇基础承载力的增强作用十分明显。

关键词：重力式锚碇沉井基础深度效应有限元

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陆上特大型沉井施工技术

邱琼海,林帆,姜江华

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 14-20

摘要：

泰州大桥主桥采用主跨2×1 080 m三塔两跨两锚碇悬索桥，其中南、北锚碇基础为特大型沉井，矩形平面尺寸为67.9 m×52.0 m，高度分别为41 m,57 m。针对锚碇基础覆盖层深厚、基础尺寸巨大、沉井下沉深度深等特点，通过施工技术的攻关，顺利完成了砂桩复合地基处理、沉井制作和拼装、钢壳沉井混凝土填充、混凝土沉井接高施工、水力机械冲吸式排水下沉和空气吸泥机吸泥下沉等多项施工工序，为今后陆上特大型沉井施工提供了借鉴。文章简要介绍了南、北锚碇陆上特大型沉井的施工技术。

关键词：悬索桥锚碇沉井拼装深井降水地基沉降空气吸泥桥梁施工

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DX桩在桥梁基础中的应用

张德华,齐万鹏,贺德新,贺建东,孙君平,郭桂霞

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第1期页码 65-68

摘要：

DX桩以其单桩承载力高沉降量小的优点，在一般工业与民用建筑中得到了比较广泛的应用。最近一些桥梁工程也采用了这种新型桩技术。以北京市某桥梁工程为实例，通过试桩抗压静荷载试验，得出单桩竖向抗压承载力试验值，并且从单桩竖向抗压承载力、桩沉降量方面与直孔桩作了比较，还简单地分析了DX桩在受到竖向荷载作用时轴力沿桩身的分布情况以及在加载过程中DX桩上下盘盘阻的变化情况。

关键词： DX桩承载力桥梁静载荷实验